Ethereum: Can I store a secret on evm without using zkp
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Ethereum: Can I Store a Secret on EVM without Using ZKP?
As a developer, you’re likely familiar with the concept of secret storage in Ethereum smart contracts. One common approach is to use Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) like Verifier to ensure that a contract function can only be called through an API endpoint. However, in this article, we’ll explore alternative solutions that don’t rely on ZKP.
The Problem with ZKP
Zero-Knowledge Proofs are designed to provide secure and efficient way to verify the validity of a smart contract function without revealing any information about its inputs or outputs. In general, ZKP like Verifier use a complex mathematical protocol to achieve this goal.
However, using ZKP can come at a significant cost, especially when dealing with large-scale applications. This is because ZKP requires:
- Proof-of-Work (PoW): To generate and verify the proof.
- Verification: The verifier needs to be able to verify the proof in real-time.
As you mentioned, using Verifier library can result in high gas prices, especially for large-scale applications.
Alternatives: Store Secrets without ZKP
In this article, we’ll explore alternative solutions that don’t rely on ZKP:
1.
Hash Functions
One simple solution is to use a hash function to store the secret. Here’s an example:
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
contract SecretStorage {
mapping(address => bytes) private secrets;
function setSecret(bytes memory secret) public {
// Use a kecccak-256 hash to ensure uniqueness and prevent collisions
bytes32 hash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(secret));
secrets[msg.sender] = hash;
}
function getSecret(bytes memory secret) public view returns (bytes) {
return secrets[msg.sender];
}
}
This solution uses the SHA-256 hash function to store and retrieve secrets.
2.
Message Authentication Codes (MACs)
Another approach is to use MACs, which are one-way hash functions that can be used for authentication purposes. Here’s an example:
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
contract SecretStorage {
bytes32 public mac = 0x1234567890abcdef;
function setSecret(bytes memory secret) public {
// Calculate a new MAC using SHA-256
bytes32 hash = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(secret));
mac = hash;
}
function getSecret() public view returns (bytes) {
return bytes(mac);
}
}
This solution uses the SHA-256 hash function to store and retrieve secrets, with an additional MAC field for authentication.
3.
Digital Signatures
If your application requires a higher level of security than what’s available from hash functions or MACs, consider using digital signatures. Here’s an example:
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
contract SecretStorage {
address public owner;
bytes public secret;
constructor() public {
owner = msg.sender;
secret = keccak256(abi.encodePacked(owner));
}
function getSecret() public view returns (bytes) {
return secret;
}
}
This solution uses a digital signature to store and retrieve secrets, with the owner having control over the signing process.
Conclusion
While ZKP can provide a secure way to verify the validity of smart contract functions without revealing any information about their inputs or outputs, they come at a significant cost. By exploring alternative solutions like hash functions, MACs, and digital signatures, you can store secrets in your Ethereum contracts while maintaining security and efficiency.
Remember to always consider the trade-offs between security, cost, and performance when designing your smart contract architecture.
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